Quick overview

Identity Verification Letters are official notices from the IRS asking you to prove who you are so the agency can continue processing a tax return, a refund, or other tax-account actions. These letters are a fraud-prevention tool. They do not mean you’ve done anything wrong — they mean the IRS needs to make sure the taxpayer and Social Security number (SSN) match IRS records before moving forward (IRS source: About Verifying Your Identity).

This article explains how identity verification letters typically work, how to tell a legitimate IRS notice from a scam, what documents are commonly required, and step-by-step actions to resolve the issue quickly. It also includes professional tips from my 15 years working with clients on tax and identity issues.

(Author note: I’ve helped more than 500 clients navigate IRS identity checks; the guidance below reflects common successful strategies I use in practice.)

Why the IRS sends identity verification letters

The IRS issues identity verification letters when automated systems detect inconsistencies that could indicate fraud or identity theft. Examples include:

  • A tax return claiming a refund using your name/SSN while the IRS already has a similar return on file.
  • A suspicious change of address, employer, or bank direct-deposit information.
  • Information from a third party (employer, payer, or financial institution) that doesn’t match the return.

The IRS uses these checks to protect taxpayers and the tax system. For background, see the IRS page “About Verifying Your Identity” for current programs and contact options (IRS).

Common types of identity verification notices

The IRS sends several different notices that ask for identity confirmation. The most commonly referenced is Letter 5071C, which typically includes instructions for online identity verification or alternate steps you can take. Always read the notice carefully — it will list the exact steps you need to take and any deadlines.

For more details about specific notices and practical steps, see our articles: “How to Respond to an IRS Identity Verification Letter (Letter 5071C)” and “Protecting Your Refund: How Identity Verification Works.” These pages include walkthroughs and examples you can follow.

How to confirm the notice is legitimate

Scammers often imitate IRS letters. Use these rules to confirm authenticity:

  1. Match the notice number and instructions on IRS.gov. Each legitimate IRS notice lists a notice or letter number you can look up on the IRS website. Check the exact wording and deadlines on IRS.gov. (IRS: “About Verifying Your Identity”).
  2. The IRS typically sends identity verification notices by U.S. mail. The agency will not demand immediate payment by prepaid gift card, cryptocurrency or threaten immediate arrest. Those are red flags for scams. For general consumer protection resources, see the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).
  3. Don’t call phone numbers in suspicious emails or texts. If the notice includes a phone number, cross-check it against phone numbers listed on IRS.gov before you call.

If you suspect an email or text is fake, do not click links. Instead go to IRS.gov and search for the notice number.

Step-by-step: How to respond without delay

  1. Read the notice carefully and note the deadline. The IRS letter will show the date by which you should respond — follow it. If a deadline is missed, contact the IRS as soon as possible.
  2. Confirm authenticity as described above.
  3. Gather the documents the notice requests. Typical documentation includes:
  • Government-issued photo ID (driver’s license or passport)
  • Social Security card, SSA 1099, or other document showing your SSN
  • Recent tax return (prior-year Form 1040)
  • A utility bill or bank statement that shows your name and current address
  • Any documents referenced in the notice
  1. Choose the verification method the notice permits. Many letters give one or more options:
  • Use the IRS secure online verification tool if the letter allows online verification (follow the instructions on the notice and use only IRS links).
  • Call the phone number printed on the letter (confirm that number on IRS.gov first).
  • Mail copies of the requested documents to the address on the letter using a traceable mailing method.

  1. Keep copies of everything you send and a record of dates and whom you spoke with.

  2. Follow up if you don’t see action. After verification, the IRS usually resumes processing your return or refund; if you do not see movement within the timeframe the notice describes, follow up with the IRS or your tax advisor.

If you believe someone else filed a return using your SSN (identity theft), complete and submit Form 14039, Identity Theft Affidavit, and follow IRS identity-theft procedures. Form 14039 is available on IRS.gov.

Practical examples from practice

  • Client A received Letter 5071C after claiming a refundable credit. We used the online verification tool the notice allowed, uploaded a passport and a recent bank statement, and the refund was released after verification. The client’s proactive response limited delay to three weeks.

  • Client B ignored a mailed notice for two months; when they finally responded, processing took three additional months because the IRS had to re-open checks and re-contact the taxpayer. The lesson: respond immediately.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Throwing the notice away or assuming it’s a scam. Verify authenticity, but do not ignore a legitimate IRS notice.
  • Mailing original documents without keeping copies. The IRS accepts photocopies; always keep originals at home and mail copies via certified or trackable mail.
  • Sharing sensitive information in response to unsolicited calls or emails claiming to be the IRS.

Timeline expectations and refunds

Response times vary. If you verify your identity quickly, refunds and processing can resume in a few weeks. If identity theft is involved and you submit Form 14039, processing can take longer because the IRS will investigate and place additional protections on the account. Always follow instructions on the notice for the best outcome.

When to get professional help

If the notice is complicated, you suspect identity theft, or you’re unsure which documents to send, consult a CPA, enrolled agent, or tax attorney. In my practice, I often help clients assemble documentation and communicate securely with the IRS to shorten resolution time and avoid re-submissions.

For practical steps to resolve quickly, see our related guide: “Responding to an IRS Identity Verification Request: Steps to Resolve Quickly.” https://finhelp.io/glossary/responding-to-an-irs-identity-verification-request-steps-to-resolve-quickly/

Frequently asked questions

  • Can I verify my identity online? Some notices (for example, Letter 5071C) include an online verification option. Use only the link printed on the notice or an IRS.gov link. If online verification isn’t available for your notice, follow the mailed instructions.

  • Will I lose my refund if I don’t respond? If the IRS can’t verify your identity, you will likely experience delays and the refund may be withheld until verification is complete.

  • What if my name or SSN is wrong on the notice? Report the error to the IRS immediately using the contact information provided in the notice, and gather documents that confirm your correct identity and SSN.

Sources and further reading

Professional disclaimer

This article is educational and informational only and does not constitute professional tax or legal advice. For guidance tailored to your situation, consult a qualified tax professional or attorney.

Closing note

Prompt, informed action is the single best way to avoid long delays when you receive an identity verification letter. Confirm the notice is legitimate, follow the instructions precisely, keep copies of all documents, and contact a trusted tax professional if you encounter identity theft or complex issues.