Overview
When a thief files a tax return in your name it can block your legitimate refund, trigger IRS notices, or create tax liabilities. Acting fast improves your chances of resolving the case with minimal long‑term harm.

Step‑by‑step actions to take now
1) Read any IRS notices carefully and follow directions

  • If the IRS sends a CP01A, CP75, or an identity‑theft letter, read it closely and follow the instructions; it usually tells you what documents the IRS needs. See IRS Identity Theft Central for guidance (IRS Identity Theft Central: https://www.irs.gov/identity-theft-central).

2) File Form 14039 (Identity Theft Affidavit) when instructed

3) File a report with IdentityTheft.gov and the FTC

  • Create a recovery plan and get an FTC identity‑theft report and affidavit at IdentityTheft.gov (https://www.identitytheft.gov/). This report is often accepted by creditors and government agencies as proof of fraud.

4) Contact the three major credit bureaus

  • Place a fraud alert or credit freeze with Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. A 1‑year fraud alert is free and can make it harder for a thief to open new accounts in your name.

5) Consider an IRS Identity Protection PIN (IP PIN)

6) Set up or review your IRS online account and check transcripts

7) Provide requested documentation and, if necessary, a police report

  • The IRS may request government ID copies, a copy of your filed return, or a police report. Keep a documented timeline of your communications with the IRS.

8) File your correct tax return even if a fraudulent return was filed

  • If you haven’t filed, prepare your legitimate return using paper filing if e‑filing is blocked; include a cover letter and, if asked, Form 14039 and supporting docs.

9) Monitor accounts and credit closely

  • Check bank and credit card statements, set alerts, and get free annual credit reports. Consider professional credit monitoring for high‑risk situations.

What to expect (timelines and outcomes)

  • Identity‑theft investigations can take weeks to several months. The IRS may place an indicator on your account and give you written confirmation when resolved. Expect delays in refunds while the IRS verifies identity and resolves fraud claims.

Documentation checklist

  • Copies of IRS notices
  • Completed Form 14039 (if required)
  • FTC identity‑theft report from IdentityTheft.gov
  • Police report (if filed)
  • Government ID and proof of address
  • Recent tax returns and supporting documents

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Don’t ignore IRS notices—silence can delay resolution.
  • Don’t pay for services that promise to “expedite” IRS processing; most fixes require documentation, not fees.
  • Don’t assume identity theft won’t affect your credit—follow up with credit bureaus and review credit reports.

Professional tips

  • Use strong, unique passwords and two‑factor authentication on tax preparer portals, your IRS account, banks and email.
  • Shred old tax documents and receipts containing SSNs.
  • If you work with a tax preparer, verify they have secure transmission practices and review authorizations.

Related FinHelp resources

Authoritative sources

Disclaimer
This article provides educational information about tax‑related identity theft and recovery steps. It is not legal or tax advice. For case‑specific guidance, consult a licensed tax professional, identity‑theft attorney, or contact the IRS directly.