Quick summary

If you get an IRS letter or notice but can’t identify its purpose, don’t ignore it. Verify the notice is real, read the notice code and deadline, assemble relevant records, and reply by the date shown. When in doubt, contact the IRS using the phone number on the notice or consult a tax professional.

Step-by-step actions to take now

  1. Pause and preserve the notice. Keep the original envelope and make a scanned copy for your records.
  2. Verify legitimacy. Scams mimic IRS letters; confirm authenticity before sharing personal data. Start with the IRS page, “Understanding Your Notice or Letter” (IRS.gov) and check whether the notice number or language matches official guidance. If you suspect fraud, see IRS Identity Theft Central (IRS Identity Theft Central) and the IRS phishing/scam guidance.
  3. Read the top of the notice. Look for the notice or letter code (usually a letter/number at the top) and any due dates. Many notices include a clear action or appeal option.
  4. Compare with your return and tax transcripts. Use recent tax returns, W-2s, 1099s, and IRS transcripts (Get Transcript tools on IRS.gov) to confirm whether the IRS’s information matches your records.
  5. Gather documentation. Collect the documents that support your position (pay stubs, bank records, corrected 1099/W-2, prior correspondence).
  6. Respond exactly as instructed. If the notice asks for copies, include only what’s requested and a short cover letter referencing the notice number. Keep copies of everything you send.
  7. Send replies with proof. Mail via certified mail with return receipt or use the IRS secure fax/mail instructions in the letter so you have proof of delivery.

If you can’t identify the notice or the instructions are unclear

  • Call the phone number printed on the notice. That number connects you to the notice-specific IRS unit—don’t call a number from an email or a web search unless it’s listed on IRS.gov. If the notice has no phone number, use the general IRS contact page.
  • If the IRS asks for identity verification, follow the instructions on IRS Identity Theft Central and, if needed, submit Form 14039 (Identity Theft Affidavit) as directed (Form 14039).

If you think the notice is wrong

  • Prepare a clear, short response that explains why (e.g., corrected income, duplicate 1099). Attach supporting documents and reference the notice code and your tax year.
  • Consider filing an amended return (Form 1040-X) only when that corrects the underlying error—use professional guidance to avoid duplicate changes.

If you suspect a scam

  • The IRS generally initiates contact by mail, not by email, text, or social media about unpaid taxes. If you receive an unexpected call/email/text claiming to be IRS, do not provide personal information. Report phishing or scam letters to the IRS as shown on their website.

When identity theft is involved

  • Follow IRS identity-theft instructions immediately. Request an IRS account protection PIN if eligible and monitor your transcripts. Contact one of the specialist resources on IRS Identity Theft Central for next steps.

When to escalate or get help

  • Contact a CPA, enrolled agent, or tax attorney if the notice proposes significant tax, penalties, or a filing error you didn’t make. In my practice as a CPA, I’ve found early professional involvement often prevents penalties and speeds resolution.
  • If you can’t resolve the issue with the IRS and you’re experiencing economic hardship or systemic delays, contact the Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) for help (independent within the IRS).

Recordkeeping, timelines, and payment options

  • Keep a file with the notice, copies of mailed responses, delivery receipts, and all supporting docs. The IRS may allow installment agreements or penalty relief in limited cases—visit IRS Online Payment Agreement information for options.

Interlinks for deeper help

Practical tips I use with clients

  • Photograph the envelope and notice immediately to document delivery date.
  • Never sign away rights without a clear understanding—get a second opinion before agreeing to tax adjustments.
  • If you respond by mail, include a concise cover letter with the notice number, tax year, and requested action.

Sources and further reading

This content is educational and general in nature and does not substitute for personalized advice. For guidance tailored to your tax situation, consult a qualified tax professional.