Before you submit a refinance application, lenders will ask for documents that prove who you are, how you earn and save money, and the current value and condition of your property. This checklist explains the specific items lenders typically request, why they need them, and practical tips to collect and present the files so underwriting moves faster.

Why lenders need documentation

Lenders verify four core things when refinancing: identity, income/stability, assets and liabilities, and the property’s value. Accurate documents let underwriters confirm your risk profile and comply with federal and investor rules (see Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) guidance). Organized files cut back-and-forth and reduce delays.

Standard documents lenders will ask for

  • Photo ID and Social Security proof — government-issued photo ID (driver’s license or passport) and your Social Security number (lenders usually request last 4 digits on documents).
  • Proof of income — for W-2 employees: recent pay stubs covering the last 30 days plus the two most recent W-2s; for salaried borrowers, lenders often want year-to-date income and history to confirm stability. For hourly or tipped income, include year-to-date pay and documentation of overtime/bonuses.
  • Tax returns — complete federal tax returns (Form 1040) for the last two years; if self-employed, include Schedule C, K-1s, or partnership returns and business profit-and-loss statements. Self-employed applicants should read guidance for how underwriters treat self-employment income (see our article on how mortgage underwriters treat self-employment income).
  • Bank and asset statements — 2–3 months of statements for checking/savings, and recent statements for investment or retirement accounts used for reserves or funds-to-close. Be prepared to explain any large or unusual deposits.
  • Current mortgage statement and payoff — most lenders want your current mortgage statement showing loan balance, payment history, and escrow status.
  • Property-related documents — homeowners insurance declaration page, recent property tax bill or proof of payment, and HOA documentation if applicable.
  • Title and appraisal materials — the lender orders a new appraisal (unless you qualify for a no-appraisal option like certain streamline refinances). If you have a recent appraisal or survey, include it.
  • Credit information — lenders pull your credit report and score, but obtaining a copy before applying (AnnualCreditReport.com) helps you spot errors and explain issues.
  • Employment verification — in some cases lenders request a verbal or written verification of employment (VOE). Keep contact info for HR or your supervisor ready.
  • Third-party and conditional documents — divorce decrees for alimony/child support, bankruptcy discharge papers, statements showing rental income with leases, or gift letters for borrowed down payment funds.

Variations by loan type

  • FHA, VA, or USDA loans may have program-specific requirements and sometimes allow streamline options with reduced documentation. See our piece on streamline refinances for minimal-document programs.
  • Jumbo loans generally require more documentation and larger reserve requirements.

Typical timeline and process

Once you submit documents, expect underwriting to take 2–3 weeks on average; complete files can shorten that to under two weeks. Appraisal and title work add time—total refinance closings commonly occur in 30–45 days depending on market conditions and lender workload.

Professional tips to speed approval (from practice)

  • Start gathering documents before you apply. In my practice, clients who provide a complete folder up front clear underwriting much faster.
  • Provide PDFs rather than photos when possible; legible, single-file uploads reduce errors.
  • Redact full Social Security numbers; include only the last four digits on copies to reduce identity risk.
  • Don’t open new credit lines or make large purchases while underwriting is active — hard inquiries and new debt can change your debt-to-income.
  • Ask the lender for a checklist and a secure portal link for uploads; many lenders have specific naming or file-size rules.

Common mistakes that delay refinances

  • Missing the most recent pay stubs or tax returns.
  • Large unexplained deposits in bank accounts that require follow-up documentation.
  • Forgetting to provide homeowner association contact info or insurance declarations.
  • Not notifying your lender when employment status changes between application and closing.

Quick downloadable checklist (what to assemble)

  • Photo ID (driver’s license or passport)
  • Social Security number (last 4 digits on copies)
  • Last 30 days of pay stubs
  • Last 2 years of W-2s and federal tax returns (complete 1040s)
  • 2–3 months of bank statements
  • Retirement/brokerage account statements
  • Current mortgage statement and payment history
  • Homeowners insurance declarations and property tax bill
  • Lease agreements (for rental income) or divorce/bankruptcy paperwork
  • Gift letter (if funds are gifted)

Additional resources and authoritative guidance

For general documentation expectations see the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) resources on mortgage servicing and loan applications, and check IRS instructions for tax-return documentation requirements when lenders request copies (IRS). For credit reports, use AnnualCreditReport.com to obtain free copies.

Related content on FinHelp.io: see our articles on streamline refinances for programs that require minimal documentation, and learn how closing costs change when you refinance a mortgage. Also review our guidance on how mortgage underwriters treat self-employment income for self-employed borrowers.

Professional disclaimer

This article is educational and not personalized financial advice. Rules and lender requirements vary; consult your mortgage lender or a licensed mortgage professional for guidance specific to your situation.